Caudal Epidural Steroid Injection

What is a caudal epidural steroid injection?

A caudal epidural steroid injection is a procedure used to help reduce pain, inflammation, and irritation of nerves in the lower back and legs. The medication is placed into the epidural space through an opening near the base of the spine called the sacral hiatus.

This injection may help relieve pain caused by conditions such as:

Herniated or bulging discs
Spinal stenosis
Sciatica or leg pain
Degenerative disc disease
Post-surgical back pain

What medication is used?

The injection usually contains:

A corticosteroid – reduces inflammation and swelling around nerves
A local anesthetic – provides temporary pain relief and helps confirm correct placement

What happens during the procedure?

You will lie on your stomach or side.
The skin over the lower back is cleaned and numbed.
Using X-ray (fluoroscopy) guidance, the doctor places a small needle into the caudal epidural space.
Contrast dye may be used to confirm proper needle placement.
The medication is slowly injected.
The procedure typically takes 5 minutes.

What will I feel?

Mild pressure or a brief stinging sensation is common.
Some people feel temporary numbness or heaviness in the legs.
Most patients tolerate the procedure well.

After the injection?

You will be monitored for a short time before going home.
You may have temporary soreness at the injection site.
Pain relief can begin within a few days, but sometimes takes up to 1–2 weeks.
Relief may last weeks to months, depending on your condition.

Possible benefits?

Decreased pain and inflammation
Improved movement and function
Reduced need for oral pain medications
Ability to participate in physical therapy or daily activities more comfortably

Possible risks and side effects

While generally safe, risks may include:

Temporary increase in pain
Infection (rare)
Bleeding (rare)
Nerve irritation (rare)
Steroid-related effects (facial flushing, mood changes, temporary blood sugar rise)